Treatments
Epinephrine & EpiPens
Epinephrine is one of the most researched drugs and is more importantly, the only medication for anaphylaxis that works for the entire body, multi-system, and multi-organ.
Epinephrine is a naturally occurring ligand of adrenergic receptors. The drug works because it causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of the blood vessels), reduces edema of the nasal mucosa (swelling in the lining of the nose), and increases blood pressure. While increased blood pressure and constriction may sound bad, in the moment of anaphylaxis, epinephrine causes the muscles and lungs to relax, allowing the person to breathe.
Neffy Nasal Spray
Neffy is the first epinephrine nasal spray, providing a needle-free option for the emergency treatment of severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). It is a two-pack of nasal sprays, and two doses may be required if symptoms persist after the first dose.
In August 2024, the FDA approved Neffy (2mg) for adults and children weighting 66 lbs or more. In March 2025, the FDA approved a second, lower dose (1 mg)for children aged 4 and older weighting between 33 and 66 lbs. Following FDA approval, Neffy became available in US Pharmacies and online in September 2024.
Xolair to Reduce Severity of Allergic Reactions
In February 2024, the U.S. FDA approved Xolair (omalizumab) injection for immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy in certain adults and children 1 year or older for the reduction of allergic reactions (Type I), including reducing the risk of anaphylaxis, that may occur with accidental exposure to one or more foods. Patients who take Xolair must continue to avoid foods they are allergic to. Xolair is intended for repeated use to reduce the risk of allergic reactions and is not approved for the immediate emergency treatment of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.
Visit the Xolair Website for more information.
Anaphylm, an oral epinephrine film
The oral epinephrine film, named Anaphylm, is currently under FDA review, with a target decision date of January 31, 2026. Aquestive Therapeutics submitted a New Drug Application (NDA) for Anaphylm in early 2025, which the FDA accepted in June 2025. The drug is a sublingual film designed to dissolve under the tongue to treat severe allergic reactions, potentially becoming the first and only orally delivered epinephrine option in the U.S. if approved.